CONDITIONALS

media type="custom" key="11115608" Conditional sentences contain a conditional clause (introduced by words such as __if __, //__as long as __//and //__unless__)// and a main clause. If the conditional clause comes before the main clause, a comma is needed (as in this sentence). A comma is not needed if the conditional clause comes after the main clause (as in this sentence).
 * Conditionals **

//__if + __//__present simple or imperative __ We use the zero conditional to talk about situations which are always true. //If //has the same meaning as //when, whenever// or //every time// in such sentences. Everyday situations: //My eyes hurt// //if I ////spend too long on the computer. // <span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Scientific facts: //<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">If ////<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">you mix blue and yellow, you get green. // <span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Instructions: //<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">If ////<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">you don't know the answer, // //<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;"> (if + //<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">imperative) //make an intelligent guess.// //__<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">if + __//__<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">present simple, will + infinitive without //to// __ <span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">We use the first conditional to talk about possible situations and their probable results in the future. //She'll be very happy if you phone her.// <span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">It can be used for warnings, promises and threats. //<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">I'll send you to bed if you don't behave yourself. //   //<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">If you ////<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">pass your driving test, I'll take you out for a meal. //
 * //<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">A //****<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Zero conditional **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">B ****<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">First conditional **

<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Modal verbs can be used in the main clause in place of //will. May, might// and //could,// for example, introduce possible results if a condition is met. //<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">If I ////<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">finish my homework early, I might call you. //   //__<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">if + __//__<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">past simple, //would +// infinitive without //to// __ <span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">We use the second conditional to talk about imaginary, unlikely or impossible situations in the present or future. //<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">If I ////<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">knew the answer to number six, I would tell you. // //<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">If I ////<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">had wings, Id //<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">fly //<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">south in winter. //
 * <span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">C Second conditional **

<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">First or second conditional? <span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Notice the difference in meaning between these two sentences: __<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">First Conditional: __ //<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">If ////<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">they give me a pay rise, I'll buy a new car. (I //<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">feel there is a real possibility that they will give me a pay rise.) __<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Second Conditional: __ //<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">If ////<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">they gave me a pay rise, Id buy a new car. //   //<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">(I //<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">feel it is less likely that they will give me a pay rise.) <span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">The second conditional can also be used to give advice. //<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">If I ////<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">were you, I’d complain to the manager. // <span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Both //was// and //were// are possible in the conditional clause after the subject pronouns //I/he/she/it.// //<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Was is //<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">more common in spoken English.

//<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">If ////<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">he were a little taller, he'd be an excellent goalkeeper. //  <span style="display: block; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">The modal verbs //might// and //could// can be used in the main clause to indicate possible results. //<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">If you //**//<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">worked //**//<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;"> a bit harder you **might** have more success. //

//__<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">if + __//__<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">past perfect, //would/might/could have +// past participle. __ <span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">We use the third conditional to talk about imaginary situations in the past. //<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">If ////<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">we hadn't taken a map, we would have got lost. //  <span style="display: block; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">(We took a map, so we didn't get lost.)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">D Third conditional **

//__<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">i f + __//__<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">past perfect, //would +// infinitive without //to// __
 * <span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">E Mixed conditional **

<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Mixed conditionals are a combination of a second and a third conditional. They can express an imaginary past event and a possible or probable present result. //<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">If ////<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">you'd listened to my advice, you would not be in this situation now. //

//<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">As long as, provided (that), providing (that) //<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">and //on condition (that)// can be used in place of //if// to emphasize the condition.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">F Alternative words for i//f// **

//<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">I'll lend you £10 as long as you give it back tomorrow. // //<span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-size: 12pt;">We'll go out in the boat tomorrow afternoon provided the sea isn't too rough. // media type="custom" key="5511565"

media type="custom" key="5511543"

[|Exercises]

[|Explicaciones en castellano]

[|More exercises]

http://www.e-grammar.org/if-clauses/test2-exercise2/