REPORTED+SPEECH

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media type="custom" key="11115624"

media type="custom" key="22996658"

media type="custom" key="11115628" __**EXERCISES:**__
 * [|ReportedSpeechExercises_E_Hilfen]
 * [|ReportedSp_P_English_Gr]
 * [|RSpeech_Ex_eso]


 * **Direct speech** || **Indirect speech** ||
 * "I'm going to the cinema", he said. || He said he was going to the cinema. ||

Tense change
As a rule when you report something someone has said you go back a tense: (the tense on the left changes to the tense on the right): She said, "It's cold." || **›** || **Past simple** She said it was cold. || She said, "I'm teaching English online." || **›** || **Past continuous** She said she was teaching English online. || She said, "I've been on the web since 1999." || **›** || **Past perfect simple** She said she had been on the web since 1999. || She said, "I've been teaching English for seven years." || **›** || **Past perfect continuous** She said she had been teaching English for seven years. || She said, "I taught online yesterday." || **›** || **Past perfect** She said she had taught online yesterday. || She said, "I was teaching earlier." || **›** || **Past perfect continuous** She said she had been teaching earlier. || She said, "The lesson had already started when he arrived." || **›** || **Past perfect** NO CHANGE - She said the lesson had already started when he arrived. || She said, "I'd already been teaching for five minutes." || **›** || **Past perfect continuous** NO CHANGE - She said she'd already been teaching for five minutes. || Modal verb forms also sometimes change: She said, "I'll teach English online tomorrow." || **›** || **would** She said she would teach English online tomorrow. || She said, "I can teach English online." || **›** || **could** She said she could teach English online. || She said, "I must have a computer to teach English online." || **›** || **had to** She said she had to have a computer to teach English online. || She said, "What shall we learn today?" || **›** || **should** She asked what we should learn today. || She said, "May I open a new browser?" || **›** || **might** She asked if she might open a new browser. || !Note - There is no change to; could, would, should, might and ought to.
 * **Direct speech** ||  || **Indirect speech** ||
 * **Present simple**
 * **Present continuous**
 * **Present perfect simple**
 * **Present perfect continuous**
 * **Past simple**
 * **Past continuous**
 * **Past perfect**
 * **Past perfect continuous**
 * **Direct speech** ||  || **Indirect speech** ||
 * **will**
 * **can**
 * **must**
 * **shall**
 * **may**


 * **Direct speech** || **Indirect speech** ||
 * "I'm might go to the cinema", he said. || He said he might go to the cinema. ||

You can use the present tense in reported speech if you want to say that something is still true i.e. my name has always been and will always be Lynne so:-

//or// //She said her name is Lynne.// ||
 * **Direct speech** || **Indirect speech** ||
 * //"My name is Lynne"//, she said. || //She said her name was Lynne.//

You can also use the present tense if you are talking about a future event.


 * **Direct speech (exact quote)** || **Indirect speech (not exact)** ||
 * //"Next week's lesson is on reported speech "//, she said. || //She said next week's lesson is on reported speech.// ||

Time change
If the reported sentence contains an expression of time, you must change it to fit in with the time of reporting. For example we need to change words like //here// and //yesterday// if they have different meanings at the time and place of reporting.


 * **Today** || **+ 24 hours - Indirect speech** ||
 * "Today's lesson is on presentations." || She said yesterday's lesson was on presentations. ||


 * **Expressions of time if reported on a different day** ||
 * this (evening) || ** › ** || that (evening) ||
 * today

YESTERDAY || ** › ** || THAT DAY

The previous day ||
 * these (days) || ** › ** || those (days) ||
 * now || ** › ** || then ||
 * (a week) ago || ** › ** || (a week) before ||
 * last weekend || ** › ** || the weekend before last / the previous weekend ||
 * here || ** › ** || there ||
 * next (week) || ** › ** || the following (week) ||
 * tomorrow || ** › ** || the next/following day ||

In addition if you report something that someone said in a different place to where you heard it you must change the place (here) to the place (there). //For example:-//


 * **At work** || **At home** ||
 * //"How long have you worked here?"// || She asked me how long I'd worked there. ||

Pronoun change
In reported speech, the pronoun often changes. //For example://


 * **Me** || //**You**// ||
 * //"//**//I//** //teach English online."// || **//She//** //said she teaches English online.// ||

Reporting Verbs
//Said, told// and //asked// are the most common verbs used in indirect speech. We use //**asked**// to report questions:- //For example: I// **//asked//** //Lynne what time the lesson started.// We use **//told//** with an object. //For example: Lynne// **//told//** //me she felt tired.// We usually use **//said//** without an object. //For example: Lynne// **//said//** //she was going to teach online.// If said is used with an object we must include //**to**// ; //For example: Lynne// **//said//** **//to//** //me that she'd never been to China.// //**!Note**// - We usually use **//told//**//.// //For example: Lynne// **//told//** //me that she'd never been to China.// There are many other verbs we can use apart from said, told and asked. These include:-
 * //!Note//** - Here me is the object.


 * accused, admitted, advised, alleged, agreed, apologised, begged, boasted, complained, denied, explained, implied, invited, offered, ordered, promised, replied, suggested and thought. ||

Using them properly can make what you say much more interesting and informative. //For example:// //He asked me to come to the party:-//


 * //He invited me to the party.// ||
 * //He begged me to come to the party.// ||
 * //He ordered me to come to the party.// ||
 * //He advised me to come to the party.// ||
 * //He suggested I should come to the party.// ||

Use of 'That' in reported speech
In reported speech, the word **//that//** is often used. //For example: He told me// **//that//** //he lived in Greenwich.// However, //that// is optional. //For example: He told me he lived in Greenwich.//
 * //!Note//** - That is never used in questions, instead we often use if.
 * //For example://** //He asked me if I would come to the party.//